“Is that your dinner? Do I need to call your mom?”  Shay the bartender asked me that back in ’99 when I sat down at 6 p.m. for two packs of peanuts, some Nabs and a Diet Coke.  I had an office next door and was pushing hard to get something out by late that evening.

And she was right, of course.  That was my dinner.  And if I made a habit of that diet, she was going to have to call my mom.

I’ll write in another post about diet and brain function with specific regard to attention deficit disorder.  But it doesn’t take a PhD neuroscientist to know that we’re not going to be at our best on peanuts, Nabs, and a Diet Coke all day long.

Meanwhile, here are some general food/brain links for you:

“Eleven Steps to a Better Brain” at The New Scientist.

“Diet and the Brain” at The Society for Neuroscience

“Food for Thought” at The Diet Channel. 

By the way, if one of your New Year’s Resolutions is “Eat Better During the Work Day”, good for you.

As a “brain personality,” attention deficit disorder drives people into executive positions and business ownership via its strengths (e.g., ability to multitask) and its weakenesses (e.g., lack of patience). Research just reported in the New York Times looks into the role of dyslexia as a similar driver, particularly for its role in causing people to develop “compensatory skills”:

Tracing Business Acumen to Dyslexia
By BRENT BOWERS

It has long been known that dyslexics are drawn to running their own businesses, where they can get around their weaknesses in reading and writing and play on their strengths. But a new study of entrepreneurs in the United States suggests that dyslexia is much more common among small-business owners than even the experts had thought.

The report, compiled by Julie Logan, a professor of entrepreneurship at the Cass Business School in London, found that more than a third of the entrepreneurs she had surveyed — 35 percent — identified themselves as dyslexic. The study also concluded that dyslexics were more likely than nondyslexics to delegate authority, to excel in oral communication and problem solving and were twice as likely to own two or more businesses.

The article also quote the well-known Kinko’s founder Paul Orfalea:

Mr. Orfalea, 60, who left Kinko’s — now FedEx Kinko’s — seven years ago, and who now dabbles in a hodgepodge of business undertakings, is almost proud of having dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

“I get bored easily, and that is a great motivator,” he said. “I think everybody should have dyslexia and A.D.D.”

Full article here: Brent Bowers, Tracing Business Acumen to Dyslexia. New York Times. December 7, 2007.

For a preliminary copy of the 2004 research report from Julie Logan, click here for a .pdf on dyslexia and entrepreneurship (at her research institute, Simfonec at the Cass Business School in London).  Click here for Julie Logan bio.

Some naysayers argue that attention deficit disorder isn’t a real problem, or that it’s only a problem for people who fail to take personal responsibility for their brains and behaviors.

Admittedly, many past ADD-management have relied too broadly on medication with little focus on self-management. Things are better today with greater use of additional techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. But what about good old fashioned “willpower”? It looks like it’s on the comeback to an active role in personal health management. This from the New York Times:

Every day, we are tested. Whether it’s a cookie tempting us from our diets or a warm bed coaxing us to sleep late, we are forced to decide between what we want to do and what we ought to do.

The ability to resist our impulses is commonly described as self-control or willpower. The elusive forces behind a person’s willpower have been the subject of increasing scrutiny by the scientific community trying to understand why some people overeat or abuse drugs and alcohol. What researchers are finding is that willpower is essentially a mental muscle, and certain physical and mental forces can weaken or strengthen our self-control.

Studies now show that self-control is a limited resource that may be strengthened by the foods we eat. Laughter and conjuring up powerful memories may also help boost a person’s self-control. And, some research suggests, we can improve self-control through practice, testing ourselves on small tasks in order to strengthen our willpower for bigger challenges.

– Tara Parker-Pope on Health, How to Boost Your Willpower, New York Times.  December 6, 2007.  <– Click title for full article.  Registration may be required.

Is being in a state of “flow” the same as being in a state of hyperfocus?

Flow (as first described by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi) is almost always considered a good thing. By contrast, hyperfocus in the context of attention deficit disorder is sometimes considered good, like when we’re deeply and fully engaged with an important task for however long it takes to do a careful job right, whether that job is heart surgery or painting a room. But sometimes hyperfocus is considered bad, like when we get stuck aimlessly websurfing for hours at a time, or when we’re so absorbed in a task that we fail to notice where we’re walking.

Matt at 37Signals has a great blog summarizing Csiksentmihaly’s thoughts on Flow, which I’ll quote in part here:

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, author of “Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience,” describes flow as “being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. Your whole being is involved, and you’re using your skills to the utmost.”

Csikszentmihalyi’s ideas on flow stemmed from his attempt to discover a path to happiness. He wanted to figure out “how to live life as a work of art, rather than as a chaotic response to external events.”

“Flow” & Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi discusses what it feels like to be in flow:

* Completely involved, focused, concentrating – with this either due to innate curiosity or as the result of training.
* Sense of ecstasy – of being outside everyday reality.
* Great inner clarity – knowing what needs to be done and how well it is going.
* Knowing the activity is doable – that the skills are adequate, and neither anxious or bored.
* Sense of serenity – no worries about self, feeling of growing beyond the boundaries of ego – afterwards feeling of transcending ego in ways not thought possible.
* Timeliness – thoroughly focused on present, don’t notice time passing.
* Intrinsic motivation – whatever produces “flow” becomes its own reward.

– source: All About Flow at 37Signals.com

Let’s compare this with a few definitions of hyperfocus.

Here’s a positive description from Dr. Kenny Handleman in “Hyperfocus” at ADDADHDblog.com:

My definition of hyperfocus is: the ability to completely and utterly focus on one topic or issue, often to the exclusion of others, with precise and productive concentration, until the end result is achieved.

In a 1993 article at ADD.org, Dr. Ed Hallowell describes his own hyperfocus without a strongly positive or negative tone in the context of a trip to the museum:

The way I go through a museum is the way some people go through Filene’s basement. Some of this, some of that, oh, this one looks nice, but what about that rack over there? Gotta hurry, gotta run. It’s not that I don’t like art. I love art. But my way of loving it makes most people think I’m a real Philistine. On the other hand, sometimes I can sit and look at one painting for a long while. I’ll get into the world of the painting and buzz around in there until I forget about everything else. In these moments I, like most people with ADD, can hyperfocus, which gives the lie to the notion that we can never pay attention. Sometimes we have turbocharged focusing abilities. It just depends upon the situation.

Other commenters on hyperfocus (for example, contributors to the Wikipedia article on hyperfocus) point to its negative aspects using language “people with ADHD have the ability to hyperfocus, such as the well-recognised comorbidity of ADHD with autism spectrum disorders, of which excessive focus is a part.” and “Schools and parents generally expect obedience from children and reward them for it, but hyperfocused children do not always cooperate under these circumstances.” (Wikipedia entry as of 5 December 2007).

My take on this is that while Flow and Hyperfocus (as commonly understood right now) share characteristics, but aren’t the same thing.  While we adults with attention deficit disorder may experience both flow and hyperfocus from time to time, we may find it useful to pay attention to the subtleties of each experience so that we know which one we’re grooving in, and how we got there.  With this knowledge, we might have a chance at choosing whether and when to attempt a repeat engagement.